Time-Series Analysis on Persistent Scatter-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) Derived Displacements of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) from Sentinel-1A Observations

The synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique has been applied in monitoring the deformation of infrastructures, such as bridges, highways, railways and subways. Persistent scatterer (PS)-InSAR is one InSAR techniques, which utilises persistent scatterers to derive long-term displacements. This study time-series methods post-process PS-InSAR-derived displacements with use 86 Sentinel-1A acquisitions spanning from 6 January 2018 27 November 2020. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) seasonal trend using loess (STL) were combined estimate component total Then, a temperature correlation map was generated by correlating variation. Results show that thermal expansion phenomenon pronounced on buildings Zhuhai–Macao Passenger Terminal well bridge road connecting Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), while it less obviously observed at main Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB). In addition, sudden changes between subsidence uplift can be detected through p-values derived applying augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test residual signals after removing linear components original ones.